PROJECT DESCRIPTION

A Christmas Tree is a critical equipment of the completion string and production equipment. It is also referred as X-Mas Tree because its shape resembles to a Christmas tree during Christmas festival. It has a set of valves including a master valve and wing valve, a choke and connections and is installed on top of the tubing head spool of the wellhead.

Purpose of the Christmas tree is as follows:

        It provides a means to control the flow of production fluids from the well which serves as the primary purpose of this equipment.

        It diverts the fluid flow through the wing valve to the flow lines ensuring safety of the facilities.

        Provides a means for measurement tools and instruments an access to the well.

        Provides a means to inject chemicals or oil distillates to prevent or solve production problems such as blockages.

        Helps in controlling the gas or water injection into the well in order to maintain an economic production volumes.

        Tree acts as an attachment and conduit means of the control system to the downhole safety valve.

Christmas tree includes the following components:

        Tree cap and gauge

        Tree adapter

        Swab valve

        Kill wing valve

        Production wing valve

        Surface choke

        Master Valves (Upper and Lower master valves)

        Tubing head adapter

        Production string

The Christmas tree is operated either from a control room i.e. it is hydraulically actuated or it can be manually operated by rotating the handwheel of the valves attached to it.